{"id":2782,"date":"2021-04-10T18:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-04-10T16:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/michalhejna.cz\/blog\/?p=2782"},"modified":"2021-04-21T09:14:15","modified_gmt":"2021-04-21T07:14:15","slug":"cyanotype-part-one-kyanotypie-cast-prvni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/michalhejna.cz\/blog\/2021\/04\/10\/cyanotype-part-one-kyanotypie-cast-prvni\/","title":{"rendered":"Cyanotype \u2013 part One\/ Kyanotypie \u2013 \u010d\u00e1st prvn\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Today I am launching a series of articles that will focus on historical photographic techniques called cyanotype<\/strong>. Gradually I will show you how to prepare a light-sensitive medium, how to prepare negatives and much more.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cyanotype is a photographic printing process that produces a cyan-blue print. Engineers used the process well into the 20th century as a simple and low-cost process to produce copies of drawings, referred to as blueprints. The process uses two chemicals: ferric ammonium citrate and potassium ferricyanide. The English scientist and astronomer Sir John Herschel discovered the procedure in 1842.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The whole process of making a cyanotype is relatively easy. First, we apply a UV-sensitive chemical solution to the paper. After drying, we attach a photographic negative to the paper and insert it into the contact frame. We illuminate it for the right pre-tested time with a UV light source. Then we wash the paper in water and dry it. And now we can see cyanotype as an original that will never be repeated. We will never exactly repeat the procedure of applying a light-sensitive layer on the paper.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What papers to use? Cyanotype does not tolerate alkaline pH above 7.5. Therefore, papers with a neutral pH between 6.5 and 7.5 without additional additives are the best. Therefore, most chemically bleached papers are completely unsuitable, natural-based watercolour papers appear to be optimal. Actually I use Cold Pressed Arches<\/strong><\/a> papers. The 100% cotton gives the paper beauty, a natural view.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If we have selected a paper, it is time to prepare it. A sensitive layer is formed shortly before exposure from a mixture of 25% ferric ammonium citrate solution and 10% potassium ferrocyanide solution diluted 1: 1. The mixture, which is photosensitive after mixing, is applied to a suitable paper under incandescent lights. Fluorescent lamps are not suitable for the content of UV radiation in the spectrum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We must not underestimate the technique of applying a light-sensitive layer on watercolour paper. If we paint only a little, the resulting blueprints are too light. It is ideal to coat the paper in multiple directions. Horizontally, vertically and in the direction of both diagonals. It is a good idea to moisten the paper with water beforehand. It is necessary to wait 5-10 minutes until the paper absorbs water before applying the light-sensitive layer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Next time I will show how to prepare a negative, how to find the right exposure time and how to finally process the image.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Michal Hejna: Rann\u00ed p\u0159elet, 2010\/2021, kyanotypie<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dne\u0161n\u00edm dnem zahajuji seri\u00e1l \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f, kter\u00fd se bude v\u011bnovat historick\u00e9 fotografick\u00e9 technice naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 kyanotypie<\/strong>. Postupn\u011b si uk\u00e1\u017eeme jak p\u0159ipravit sv\u011btlocitliv\u00e9 m\u00e9dium, jak p\u0159ipravit negativy, jak naj\u00edt spr\u00e1vnou dobu osvitu, kter\u00e9 obrazov\u00e9 n\u00e1m\u011bty t\u00e9to technice slu\u0161\u00ed, a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edho.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Historie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kyanotypie je historick\u00e1 fotografick\u00e1 technika, kter\u00e1 jako ke sv\u011btlu citlivou vrstvu vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 roztok sol\u00ed \u017eeleza. Vynalezl ji sir John Herschel<\/strong><\/a> v roce 1842, pouh\u00e9 t\u0159i roky po vyn\u00e1lezu fotografie. P\u016fvodn\u011b ji pova\u017eoval pouze za prost\u0159edek reprodukce sv\u00fdch pozn\u00e1mek, diagram\u016f a pl\u00e1nk\u016f. Technika poskytuje v\u00fdrazn\u011b modr\u00e9 obrazy, proto je John Herschel naz\u00fdval modrotisky (blueprints). Obrazy zhotoven\u00e9 touto velmi starou technikou vydr\u017e\u00ed stalet\u00ed. Je\u0161t\u011b dnes se m\u016f\u017eeme obdivovat tisk\u016fm z t\u00e9 doby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdchodisko<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cel\u00fd postup zhotoven\u00ed kyanotypie je pom\u011brn\u011b snadn\u00fd. P\u0159i sv\u011btle \u017e\u00e1rovky naneseme na akvarelov\u00fd \u010di jin\u00fd pap\u00edr chemick\u00fd roztok citliv\u00fd na UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Po zaschnut\u00ed na pap\u00edr p\u0159ilo\u017e\u00edme fotografick\u00fd negativ a vlo\u017e\u00edme do kontaktn\u00edho r\u00e1me\u010dku. Osv\u011btl\u00edme na spr\u00e1vnou p\u0159edem vyzkou\u0161enou dobu zdrojem UV sv\u011btla, po expozici na slun\u00ed\u010dku nebo pod UV lampou pap\u00edr vypereme ve vod\u011b, usu\u0161\u00edme a m\u016f\u017eeme spat\u0159it kyanotypii jako origin\u00e1l, kter\u00fd se ji\u017e nikdy nebude opakovat. Nikdy toti\u017e p\u0159esn\u011b nezopakujeme postup nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed sv\u011btlocitliv\u00e9 vrstvy na pap\u00edr. Tak poj\u010fme na to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdb\u011br m\u00e9dia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jak\u00e9 pap\u00edry pou\u017e\u00edt? Kyanotypie nesn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed alkalick\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed pH nad 7.5, ve kter\u00e9m se obraz rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed jsou proto pap\u00edry s neutr\u00e1ln\u00edm pH mezi 6.5 a\u017e 7.5 bez dodate\u010dn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsad. Naprosto nevhodn\u00e1 je proto v\u011bt\u0161ina chemicky b\u011blen\u00fdch pap\u00edr\u016f, optim\u00e1ln\u00ed se jev\u00ed pap\u00edry pro akvarel na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed b\u00e1zi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na za\u010d\u00e1tku jsem dlouho hledal pap\u00edr, kter\u00fd by vyhovoval t\u011bmto parametr\u016fm a z\u00e1rove\u0148 se mi l\u00edbila jeho povrchov\u00e1 struktura. Vyzkou\u0161el jsem ru\u010dn\u00ed pap\u00edr Velk\u00e9 Losiny, italsk\u00e9 pap\u00edry Fabriano, americk\u00fd Strathmoore. Nakonec jsem si po mnoha zkou\u0161k\u00e1ch a testech vybral francouzskou zna\u010dku Arches<\/a><\/strong>. Tyto akvarelov\u00e9 pap\u00edry se d\u011blaj\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00ed starod\u00e1vnou technikou ze 100% bavlny. Vyr\u00e1b\u00ed se ve t\u0159ech druz\u00edch povrchu: za studena lisovan\u00fd, za tepla lisovan\u00fd a hrub\u011b zrnit\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pro sv\u00e9 pot\u0159eby pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m v sou\u010dasnosti pap\u00edr za studena lisovan\u00fd. M\u00e1 pom\u011brn\u011b v\u00fdraznou strukturu, ale to mi nevad\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b naopak. L\u00edb\u00ed se mi, \u017ee se na prvn\u00ed pohled odli\u0161uje od dokonal\u00fdch digit\u00e1ln\u00edch tisk\u016f pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u00edm, \u017ee rozli\u0161en\u00ed a ostrost fotografie je strukturou pap\u00edru lehce rozbita. A ten \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd pocit dr\u017eet takov\u00fd v\u00fdtvor v ruce \u2013 to se prost\u011b mus\u00ed za\u017e\u00edt!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edprava sv\u011btlocitliv\u00e9 vrstvy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1me-li vybr\u00e1n pap\u00edr, p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed na \u0159adu jeho p\u0159\u00edprava. Citliv\u00e1 vrstva se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ed expozic\u00ed ze sm\u011bsi 25% roztoku citranu \u017eelezito-amonn\u00e9ho a 10% roztoku kyano\u017eelezitanu draseln\u00e9ho \u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9ho 1:1. Sm\u011bs, kter\u00e1 je po sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed fotocitliv\u00e1, se nan\u00e1\u0161\u00ed na vhodn\u00fd pap\u00edr za sv\u011btla oby\u010dejn\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1rovky. Z\u00e1\u0159ivky nejsou vhodn\u00e9 pro obsah UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed ve spektru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m tuto chemii a \u0161t\u011btec<\/a>. Jedn\u00e1 se o standardn\u011b nab\u00edzen\u00fd starter kit v internetov\u00e9m obchod\u011b<\/a>. D\u00e1 se objednat i v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed balen\u00ed roztok\u016f, ze kter\u00e9ho pak m\u016f\u017eeme tyto lahvi\u010dky dol\u00e9vat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle m\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed techniku nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed sv\u011btlocitliv\u00e9 vrstvy na akvarelov\u00fd pap\u00edr nesm\u00edme podcenit. Pokud nat\u0159eme m\u00e1lo, v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 modrotisky jsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 sv\u011btl\u00e9. Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed je nat\u00edrat pap\u00edr ve v\u00edce sm\u011brech. Vodorovn\u011b, svisle i ve sm\u011bru obou diagon\u00e1l. Praktick\u00e9 je si pap\u00edr p\u0159edem navlh\u010dit vodou, t\u0159eba i pomoc\u00ed oby\u010dejn\u00e9 houbi\u010dky na n\u00e1dob\u00ed. P\u0159ed nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm citliv\u00e9 vrstvy je ale pot\u0159eba po\u010dkat 5-10 minut, a\u017e pap\u00edr nas\u00e1kne vodu a povrch se ji\u017e neleskne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po zaschnut\u00ed je pap\u00edr p\u0159ipraven na dal\u0161\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b osvit nemus\u00edme d\u011blat hned. V such\u00e9m a temn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed bez UV sv\u011btla pap\u00edr n\u011bjakou dobu vydr\u017e\u00ed. Sv\u00edtil jsem pap\u00edry star\u00e9 10 dn\u016f a v\u0161e bylo v pohod\u011b, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky degradace sv\u011btlocitliv\u00e9 vrstvy jsem nepozoroval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b si uk\u00e1\u017eeme jak p\u0159ipravit negativ, jak naj\u00edt spr\u00e1vnou dobu osvitu a jak obraz zpracovat tak, aby n\u00e1m dlouho vydr\u017eel. Z\u016fsta\u0148te na p\u0159\u00edjmu, a\u0165 v\u00e1m nic neute\u010de. T\u0159eba tak, \u017ee se p\u0159ihl\u00e1s\u00edte k odb\u011bru newsletteru dole v z\u00e1pat\u00ed tohoto webu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Today I am launching a series of articles that will focus on historical photographic techniques called cyanotype …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2798,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,21],"tags":[43],"class_list":["post-2782","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-story","tag-cyanotype"],"yoast_head":"\nCyanotype \u2013 part One\/ Kyanotypie \u2013 \u010d\u00e1st prvn\u00ed - Michal Hejna<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dne\u0161n\u00edm dnem zahajuji seri\u00e1l \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f, kter\u00fd se bude v\u011bnovat historick\u00e9 fotografick\u00e9 technice naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 kyanotypie. 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